1# Basic Data Types in R # Create variables of different data types (numeric, character, logical, complex, raw). #Check their data types. #Create a factor variable and display its levels. #Create a list containing different data types and display its structure. #Convert a numeric value to character num_var <- 10 char_var <- "Hello" log_var <- TRUE complex_var <- 3 + 4i raw_var <-charToRaw("R") typeof(num_var) typeof(char_var) typeof(log_var) typeof(complex_var) typeof(raw_var) fruits <- factor(c("mango", "apple" , "banana" , "apple" )) levels(fruits) my_list <- list(num_var,char_var,log_var,complex_var,raw_var,fruits) str(my_list) as.character(num_var) 2#Built-in Functions in R #Find the sum, maximum, minimum, mean, median, and standard deviation of a numeric vector. #Sort a vector in ascending and descending order. #Calculate square root, logarithm, and exponential values. #Generate a sequence and repeat elements using built-in functions. num_vec <- c(20,45,33,45,55,66,33) sum(num_vec) max(num_vec) min(num_vec) mean(num_vec) median(num_vec) sd(num_vec) sort(num_var) sort(num_var, decreasing=TRUE) sqrt(225) log(100) exp(2) seq(1, 20, by=2) rep(c(1,2,3), times=3) 3#Operators in R #Demonstrate arithmetic operators on vectors. #Compare two vectors using relational operators. #Demonstrate logical operators (&, |, !). #Use %in% operator to test membership of elements in a vector a <- c(100,200,300) b <- c(400,500,600) a+b a-b a*b a/b a>b a==b a<=b x <- c(TRUE,FALSE,TRUE) y<- c(TRUE, TRUE,FALSE) x&y x|y !x fruits <- c('apple', 'mango' , 'banana' ,'apple') 'apple' %in% fruits 'grape' %in% fruits 4#Creating and Manipulating Vectors #Create two vectors and perform element-wise addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. #Access specific elements of a vector using indexing. #Modify elements of a vector using conditional indexing. v1 <- c(20,23,44,55,66) v2 <- c(1,2,3,4,5) v1+v2 v1-v2 v1*v2 v1/v2 v1[2] v1[c(3,4,1)] v2[2:5] v1[v1> 44] <- 0 v1